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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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English, French, and Italian Adjective Check Lists

A Social Desirability Analysis

Mario Fioravanti

Universith di Roma

Harrison G. Gough

University of California-Berkeley

Lydie J. Frere

Università de Paris V

The Adjective Check List is intended for cross-cultural as well as intracultural research, and in fact has been widely used in such inquiry. Translations should attend to psychological attributes of the items, such as social desirability, as well as to linguistic equivalence. Endorsement rates in self-description give still another index of the comparability of items in two versions of a test. Ratings of the desirability of ACL items in English, French, and Italian were obtained from small panels of American, French, and Italian judges. Inter-judge alphas ranged from .89 to .98, and cross-national correlations among the panels ranged from .82 to .88. Within this pattern of general consistency, individual items were identified that showed significant differences, either in regard to the gender of the person being described or to the language in which the item was stated. These items tended to reflect sex-role stereotypes, or folk notions about national character. Item desirability ratings and endorsement rates can provide useful information concerning the degree of equivalence between a test in its original and translated formats.

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 4, 461-472 (1981)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022181124006
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R. Fischer
Standardization to Account for Cross-Cultural Response Bias: A Classification of Score Adjustment Procedures and Review of Research in JCCP
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, May 1, 2004; 35(3): 263 - 282.
[Abstract] [PDF]