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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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The Influence of Situational Prototypes on Dimensions of Intercultural Communication Competence

Mitchell R. Hammer

The American University

Hiroko Nishida

University of Shizuoka

Richard L. Wiseman

California State University, Fullerton

This study examines the influence of situational prototypes on three dimensions of American subjects' intercultural communication competence: (a) understanding of Japanese rules of behaving in specific situations, (b) understanding of Japanese culture in general, and (c) affect toward Japanese culture. In the study, 44 interaction scenarios were constructed involving some misunderstanding between a Japanese and an American regarding the communication rules between two people from different cultures based on cultural variations in role, social, linguistic, nonverbal, and/or business rules for behavior. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, cluster analysis of 44 interaction scenarios was undertaken to identify situational prototypes (ideal models of situations). The second phase examined the influence of the four situational prototypes on the three dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Overall results indicate that there were significant differences for each of the three measures of intercultural communication competence across the four situational prototypes.

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 27, No. 3, 267-282 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022196273001
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