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Emotion Regulation in Early ChildhoodA Cross-Cultural Comparison between German and Japanese ToddlersUniversity of Konstanz
University of Konstanz The purpose of this study is to analyze toddlers regulation of negative emotions in two cultures. A general sequential model of emotion regulation is specified that takes emotional reaction, goal-directed behavior strategies, and the interactive process between child and mother into account. Two-year-old Japanese (n = 20) and German (n = 20) girls and their mothers were observed in a quasi-natural interaction in which the girls experienced a playmates distress (the mothers were present). The features of the sequential model were measured. Mothers sensitivity was assessed in a structured mother-child interaction. The sequential model was confirmed for the German sample and modified in regard to the regulation of distance for the Japanese sample. The Japanese mothers displayed more sensitive and contingent behavior. Culture-specific differences in regard to the distribution of childrens regulation patterns and qualities of mother-child interactions demonstrate the effects of different socialization practices with respect to socioemotional development.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 30, No. 6,
684-711 (1999) This article has been cited by other articles:
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