Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Click here for more information on Handbook of U.S. Latino Psychology

SAGETRACK

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow References
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kashima, Y.
Right arrow Articles by Kashima, E. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Individualism, GNP, Climate, And Pronoun Drop

Is Individualism Determined by Affluence and Climate, or Does Language Use Play a Role?

Yoshihisa Kashima

University of Melbourne

Emiko S. Kashima

Swinburne University of Technology

Affluence and climate are related to individualism, suggesting the importance of the material environment on culture. However, the symbolic environment, as represented by language, may also play a significant role. The effects of gross national product (GNP) per capita, latitude, and pronoun drop (whether the subject of a sentence can be dropped) as variables that tap the material and symbolic environments on Hofstede's individualism were examined. GNP per capita and latitude had overall positive effects on individualism, but this was moderated by pronoun drop. The effect of economic affluence on culture was greater, but the effect of climate smaller, in the countries whose language does not permit pronoun drop than in those countries where pronouns can be dropped in utterances. A moderating effect of symbolic factors on the material environnment-culture relationship was discussed.

Key Words:

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 34, No. 1, 125-134 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022102239159
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Proc R Soc BHome page
C. L Fincher, R. Thornhill, D. R Murray, and M. Schaller
Pathogen prevalence predicts human cross-cultural variability in individualism/collectivism
Proc R Soc B, June 7, 2008; 275(1640): 1279 - 1285.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pers Soc Psychol RevHome page
T. M. Holtgraves and Y. Kashima
Language, Meaning, and Social Cognition
Personality and Social Psychology Review, February 1, 2008; 12(1): 73 - 94.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Cross-Cultural ResearchHome page
J. E. Olson, I. H. Frieze, S. Wall, B. Zdaniuk, N. Telpuchovskaya, A. Ferligoj, T. Kogovsek, J. Horvat, N. Sarlija, E. Jarosova, et al.
Economic Influences on Ideals About Future Jobs in Young Adults in Formerly Socialist Countries and the United States
Cross-Cultural Research, November 1, 2006; 40(4): 352 - 376.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Journal of Cross-Cultural PsychologyHome page
M. Kemmelmeier and B. Y.-M. Cheng
Language and Self-Construal Priming: A Replication and Extension in a Hong Kong Sample
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, November 1, 2004; 35(6): 705 - 712.
[Abstract] [PDF]