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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Methodological Considerations of Applying a Tat-Type Picture-Story Test in Cross-Cultural Research

A Comparison of German and Zambian Adolescents

Jan Hofer

University of Osnabrück, Germany, Jan.Hofer{at}uos.de

Athanasios Chasiotis

University of Osnabrück, Germany

This article examines problems associated with the selection and use of picture cues to assess data on implicit motives in cross-cultural research. A TAT-type picture-story test was administered to 121 Gwembe Tonga adolescents in Zambia. The stories were coded following Winter’s scoring system. The cue strength of each of the five picture stimuli in Zambia was identified and compared to findings on cue strength in a German student sample. Cue strengths differed markedly in both samples. Analyses on differential item functioning (item bias) showed that cross-cultural comparisons on motive strengths are not advisable. In further analyses, the influence of Zambian participants’educational level and written language on the stimulus pull of the picture cues was verified. Consequences of the validity of the findings on motive strength and some possible guidelines for future cross-cultural research are discussed.

Key Words: Thematic Apperception Test • picture cues • cue strength • cross-cultural research • item and method bias

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 2, 224-241 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022103262246
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J. Hofer, A. Chasiotis, W. Friedlmeier, H. Busch, and D. Campos
The Measurement of Implicit Motives in Three Cultures: Power and Affiliation in Cameroon, Costa Rica, and Germany
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, November 1, 2005; 36(6): 689 - 716.
[Abstract] [PDF]