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Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 CulturesChinese University of Hong Kong
City University of Hong Kong
University of Macau
Universidad Simon Bolivar, Venezuela
University of Tokyo, Japan
Universität Osnabrück, Germany
California State University, Chico
University of Vienna, Austria
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
Université Libre deBruxelles, Belgium
Gama Filho University, Brazil
University of Alberta, Canada
University of Guelph, Canada
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Charles University of Prague, Czech Republic
Tallinn Pedagogical University, Estonia
Åbo Akademi University, Finland
University of Lyon 2, France
Tbilisi State University, Georgia
International University, Bremen, Germany
Universität Osnabrück, Germany
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
University of Athens, Greece
Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, India
Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India
Padjadjaran University, Indonesia
University of Haifa, Israel
Achva College for Education, Israel
University of Padua, Italy
Seowon University, Korea
University of Latvia, Latvia
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Help Institute, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
University of Lagos, Nigeria
University of Bergen, Norway
University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Universidad Ricardo Palma, Peru
University of Philippines-Diliman, Philippines
Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Universidade do Minho, Portugal
University Titu Maiorescu, Romania
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Universidad Autónoma deMadrid, Spain
National Taiwan University
Assumption University, Thailand
Bogazici University, Turkey
University College London, United Kingdom
University of Greenwich, United Kingdom Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.
Key Words: social axioms cultural dimensions dynamic externality societal cynicism
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 5,
548-570 (2004) This article has been cited by other articles:
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