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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Cross-Cultural Differences in Test Perceptions

Women in Kuwait and the United States

Jerrell C. Cassady

Ball State University, jccassady{at}bsu.edu

Ayoub Mohammed

Ball State University

Lauren Mathieu

Ball State University

This study examines differential levels of test anxiety, perceived test threat, and performance for females in Kuwait and the United States. The results demonstrated that Kuwaiti females reported higher levels of affective test anxiety, whereas females from the United States characterized tests as more threatening. These differences arose in conjunction with self-reported deficiencies in study skills. The interpretation of results points to cultural variations in views of education as competitive and attributional orientations for test performance.

Key Words: test anxiety • perceived test threat • women • cross-cultural • Kuwait

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 6, 713-718 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022104270113
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