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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Structural and Mean-Level Analyses of the Five-Factor Model and Locus of Control

Further Evidence From Africa

Jérôme Rossier

University of Lausanne, Jerome.Rossier{at}unil.ch

Donatien Dahourou

University of Ouagadougou

Robert R. McCrae

National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS

This study examines the Five-Factor Model of personality and locus of control in French-speaking samples in Burkina Faso (N = 470) and Switzerland (Ns = 1,090, 361), using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Levenson’s Internality, Powerful others, and Chance (IPC) scales. Alpha reliabilities were consistently lower in Burkina Faso, but the factor structure of the NEO-PI-R was replicated in both cultures. The intended three-factor structure of the IPC could not be replicated, although a two-factor solution was replicable across the two samples. Although scalar equivalence has not been demonstrated, mean-level comparisons showed the hypothesized effects for most of the five factors and locus of control; Burkinabè scored higher in Neuroticism than anticipated. Findings from this African sample generally replicate earlier results from Asian and Western cultures and are consistent with a biologically based theory of personality.

Key Words: Five-Factor Model • locus of control • cross-cultural research • personality • Africa

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 36, No. 2, 227-246 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022104272903
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