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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Mental Models of Poverty in Developing Nations

A Causal Mapping Analysis Using a Canada-Philippines Contrast

Donald W. Hine

University of New England

Cristina Jayme Montiel

Ateneo de Manila University

Ray W. Cooksey

University of New England

John H. Lewko

Laurentian University

Causal mapping was used to compare poverty activists and non-activists from Canada and the Philippines (N = 80) in terms of their beliefs about the causes of poverty in developing nations. The causal maps varied as a function of both activist status and country of residence. Activists included more external societal causes in their maps than non-activists, whereas non-activists included more individualistic and internal societal causes. In terms of map structure, Filipino activists included significantly more causal links in their maps than members of the other three groups. A cluster analysis on distance ratios, an index of dissimilarity among the maps, produced three clusters dominated by Filipino non-activists, Canadian non-activists, and Filipino activists, respectively, and a fourth cluster that included a heterogeneous mix of respondents from all four groups. Implications for public education, the effective coordination of antipoverty interventions, and methodological issues related to causal mapping are discussed.

Key Words: mental models • poverty attributions • causal mapping • poverty activism

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 36, No. 3, 283-303 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022104273652
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