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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 36, No. 5, 573-589 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022105278543

The Equivalence of the Behavior Problem Index Across U.S. Ethnic Groups

Michael S. Spencer

University of Michigan

Dale Fitch

University of Michigan

Andrew Grogan-Kaylor

University of Michigan

Bowen Mcbeath

Portland State University

In this study, the authors examine the equivalence of the factor structure of a commonly used symptom checklist of behavioral and emotional problems—the Behavior Problem Index (BPI)—across African American, Hispanic, and White children in the United States. The sample is drawn from the 1998 data file of the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a U.S. data set. The results of the study suggest that the BPI is not equivalent across the three ethnic groups. These findings are consistent when equivalence is tested for a one-factor model, a two-factor model using the internalizing and externalizing dimensions of the BPI, and a six-factor model using the subscales of the BPI. Item-level analyses identify the statistically significant items that are associated with nonequivalence across ethnic groups. The implications of nonequivalent measures for cross-cultural research and practice with families and children are discussed.

Key Words: behavior problems • race/ethnicity • equivalence • multigroup confirmatory factor analysis


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Home page
 Educational and Psychological MeasurementHome page
K. Guttmannova, J. M. Szanyi, and P. W. Cali
Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problem Scores: Cross-Ethnic and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Behavior Problem Index
Educational and Psychological Measurement, August 1, 2008; 68(4): 676 - 694.
[Abstract] [PDF]