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Perceived Discrimination, Social Support Networks, and Psychological Well-being Among Three Immigrant Groups

Karmela Liebkind

University of Helsinki

Magdalena Jaakkola

Anni Reuter

Rehabilitation Foundation

The authors addressed the specific role of and contradictory results previously obtained regarding ethnic versus host support networks in influencing directly and/or buffering the impact of perceived discrimination on the well-being of immigrants. A nationwide adult probability sample (N= 2,360) included Finnish repatriates and Russian and Estonian immigrants in Finland from Russia, Estonia, and other countries of the former Soviet Union. Perceived discrimination had a significant impact on psychological well-being. The results demonstrated the importance of distinguishing between available and activated social support. In the total sample, strong evidence was obtained for the direct and the buffering effect of host support networks on well-being. In addition, social support provided by ethnic networks abroad was generally beneficial for the psychological well-being of the immigrants. Under some conditions, ethnic support networks were also beneficial for psychological well-being.

Key Words: immigration • repatriates • perceived discrimination • psychological well-being • social support networks

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