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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Cultural Display Rules Drive Eye Gaze During Thinking

Anjanie McCarthy

University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, amccarthy{at}oise.utoronto.ca

Kang Lee

University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Shoji Itakura

Kyoto University, Japan

Darwin W. Muir

Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

The authors measured the eye gaze displays of Canadian, Trinidadian, and Japanese participants as they answered questions for which they either knew, or had to derive, the answers. When they knew the answers, Trinidadians maintained the most eye contact, whereas Japanese maintained the least. When thinking about the answers to questions, Canadians and Trinidadians looked up, whereas Japanese looked down. Thus, for humans, gaze displays while thinking are at least in part culturally determined.

Key Words: eye gaze • communication • cross-cultural • gaze display • thinking

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 37, No. 6, 717-722 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022106292079
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 Journal of Cross-Cultural PsychologyHome page
A. McCarthy, K. Lee, S. Itakura, and D. W. Muir
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