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Spontaneous Inferences from Cultural Cues: Varying Responses of Cultural Insiders and Outsiders

Nanyang Technological University

Chi-Yue Chiu

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Michael W. Morris

Columbia University

Maia J. Young

University of California–Los Angeles

Results from two groups of biculturals (Hong Kong undergraduates, Chinese Americans) and a group of European Americans in two studies showed that in the presence of applicable cues of a culture, individuals with expert knowledge in the culture spontaneously make inferences about the culture's moral values, producing a Stroop-like effect. Although both biculturals and European Americans made spontaneous cultural inferences from American cultural cues, only biculturals made spontaneous inferences from Chinese cultural cues. Moreover, American-Chinese bicultural individuals can switch between correspondent cultural inferences from American and Chinese cultural cues numerous times within one experimental session. Implications on cultural adaptation and cultural competence are discussed.

Key Words: cultural processes • spontaneous inferences • moral inferences • bicultural cognition

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