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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Conceptualizations of Forgiveness

Collectivist-Congolese Versus Individualist-French Viewpoints

Joachim Kadima Kadiangandu

Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, France

Mélanie Gauché

Université du Mirail, Toulouse, France

Geneviève Vinsonneau

Université René-Descartes, Paris, France

Etienne Mullet

Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, France

The present study investigates the cross-cultural differences in conceptualizations of forgiveness, using a modified version of the Conceptualizations of Forgiveness Scale. In the Congolese (collectivistic) culture, forgiveness was expected to be mainly conceived as an "interpersonal" construct, and in the French (individualistic) culture as an "intrapersonal" process. The findings supported these views. The Congolese more than the French conceived forgiveness as aimed at reconciling with the offender and extensible to people outside the offended—offender dyad.

Key Words: forgiveness • conceptualizations • Congo • France

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 38, No. 4, 432-437 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022107302312
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