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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 39, No. 1, 16-36 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022107311843
© 2008 SAGE Publications

Intergroup Attributions and Ethnocentrism in the Indian Subcontinent

The Ultimate Attribution Error Revisited

Sammyh S. Khan

Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

James H. Liu

Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Predictions of Pettigrew's ultimate attribution error were investigated among 148 Indians (91 Hindus and 57 Muslims) and 145 Pakistanis (107 Muslims and 38 Hindus) in the Indian subcontinent. Using hypothetical scenarios, the first prediction, that negative behavior would be attributed more to dispositional than situational factors for out-group compared to in-group actors, received little support. The second prediction, that positive out-group behavior would be attributed more to situational circumstances, received considerable but not total support. Hindu participants attributed in-group actors as more competent but also warmer in Pakistan, whereas Muslim participants attributed in-group actors as being warmer in both countries. Autostereotypes (rather than heterostereotypes) of competence and warmth consistently mediated ethnocentric intergroup attributions. Collective self-esteem mediated ethnocentrism among both groups in Pakistan but only among Muslims in India, whereas social dominance orientation mediated majority group biases in both countries. Overall, the ultimate attribution error received mixed support, and results supported an in-group favoring more than out-group derogating pattern.

Key Words: intergroup attributions • ultimate attribution error • ethnocentrism • Hindu • Muslim • India • Pakistan • stereotypes • social dominance orientation • collective self-esteem


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