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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Relevance of Openness as a Personality Dimension in Chinese Culture

Aspects of its Cultural Relevance

Fanny M. Cheung

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, fmcheung{at}cuhk.edu.hk

Shu Fai Cheung

University of Macau

Jianxin Zhang

Chinese Academy of Science

Kwok Leung

City University of Hong Kong

Frederick Leong

Michigan State University

Kuang Huiyeh

Academia Sinica Taiwan

The Openness factor was missing from the original Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI). We used a combined emic—etic approach to generate six culturally relevant Openness scales. In Study 1, the Openness scales were added to the revised CPAI and standardized using a representative sample of 1,911 adults in China and Hong Kong. Factor analysis showed that the Openness scales merged with the original factors of the CPAI. In Study 2, 1,094 Chinese college students took the CPAI-2 and NEO-FFI. Joint factor analyses showed that four of the CPAI-2 Openness scales loaded with the Openness factor of the NEO-FFI. Implications on the meaning of Openness as a personality factor in Chinese culture were discussed.

Key Words: CPAI-2 • Chinese personality • openness

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 39, No. 1, 81-108 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022107311968
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