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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Individualism, Masculinity, and the Sources of Organizational Commitment

Garry A. Gelade

Cass Business School, City University, London, g.gelade{at}city.ac.uk

Paul Dobson

Cass Business School, City University, London

Katharina Auer

Shell International BV

The authors examine the dependence of organizational commitment on satisfaction with job characteristics that are valued differently in 29 nations. Evidence is found for the moderating effects of national culture. Satisfaction with job characteristics that are highly valued in individualistic cultures has an increasingly strong effect on commitment as national individualism increases, while satisfaction with collectivist job characteristics has an increasingly weaker effect. Similarly, satisfaction with job characteristics that are highly valued in masculine cultures has an increasingly strong effect on commitment as national masculinity increases, while satisfaction with feminine job characteristics has an increasingly weaker effect. These findings show that the sources of organizational commitment are culturally conditioned and that their effects are predictable from Hofstede's value dimensions. The authors discuss the practical implications of these findings and suggest that cultural differences in the psychological contract may also affect the relationships between job satisfaction and commitment.

Key Words: individualism • masculinity • cultural values • organizational commitment

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 39, No. 5, 599-617 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022108321308
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