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Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Assessing the Cross-Cultural Validity of a Parental Autonomy Granting Measure

Comparing Adolescents in the United States, China, Mexico, and India

Andrew J. Supple

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Sharon R. Ghazarian

Johns Hopkins University

Gary W. Peterson

Miami University

Kevin R. Bush

Miami University

This study investigates the cross-cultural validity of a 10-item parental autonomy granting measure with samples of adolescents from the United States, China, Mexico, and India. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis suggested a moderately high degree of cross-cultural equivalence, particularly for the United States and China. Invariance in item loadings was found across samples, with the exception of items assessing freedom regarding career choices and encouragement to participate in family decisions. Correlations between autonomy granting and three criterion factors suggested that, across cultures, parental autonomy granting is associated with higher perceptions of parental support and greater effort exerted in school. Correlations varied in reference to associations between parental autonomy granting and reports of love withdrawal from mothers and fathers. Results also suggested that mean levels of autonomy granting from parents were highest in the U.S. sample and lowest in China. Results provide support for the universality of autonomy granting as a salient aspect of parenting across cultures but also point to areas where significant cultural differences exist.

Key Words: parent-adolescent relationships • autonomy development • parenting • cross-cultural validity

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 40, No. 5, 816-833 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022109339390
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