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Chinese Values and the Search for Culture-Free Dimensions of Culture
The Chinese Culture Connection
A survey of Chinese values was constructed and administered to university students in 22 countries around the world. An ecological factor analysis was run on the culture means for the 40 scale items and revealed four dimensions of cultural valuing. In a search for validities, country scores on these four factors were correlated with those derived from a Western survey of work-related values by Hofstede (1980). Three of the factors from the Chinese Value Survey (CVS) correlated at high levels with three of Hofstede's four, strongly suggesting the robust value dimensions of collectivism and compassion. The second CVS factor, Confucian work dynamism, was unrelated to any of Hofstede's, but correlated .70 with economic growth from 1965 to 1984. This validational evidence confirms the potential of instruments developed outside a Western cultural tradition for opening up new theoretical vistas to the attention of behavioral scientists.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 2,
143-164 (1987)
DOI: 10.1177/0022002187018002002
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D. Richards
Developing Cross-Cultural Management Skills: Experiential Learning in an International MBA Programme
Management Learning,
December 1, 1997;
28(4):
387 - 407.
[Abstract]
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C. Fan and W. Karnilowicz
Measurement of Definitions of Success among Chinese and Australian Girls
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
September 1, 1997;
28(5):
589 - 599.
[Abstract]
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W. B. GUDYKUNST
Cultural Variability in Communication: An Introduction
Communication Research,
August 1, 1997;
24(4):
327 - 348.
[Abstract]
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H. Spencer-Oatey
Unequal Relationships in High and Low Power Distance Societies: A Comparative Study of Ibtor-Student Role Relations in Britain and China
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
May 1, 1997;
28(3):
284 - 302.
[Abstract]
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B. W. Stening and E. F. Ngan
The Cultural Context of Human Resource Management in East Asia
Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,
January 1, 1997;
35(2):
3 - 15.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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C. C. Chen, J. R. Meindl, and R. G. Hunt
Testing the Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Collectivism: A Study of Reward Allocation Preferences in China
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
January 1, 1997;
28(1):
44 - 70.
[Abstract]
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Y.-T. Lee and M. E.P. Seligman
Are Americans more Optimistic than the Chinese?
Pers Soc Psychol Bull,
January 1, 1997;
23(1):
32 - 40.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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J. J. Berman and V. A. Murphy-Berman
Cultural Differences in Perceptions of Allocators of Resources
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
July 1, 1996;
27(4):
494 - 509.
[Abstract]
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S.-H. Quah and G. D. Bishop
Seeking Help for Illness: The Roles of Cultural Orientation and Illness Cognition
J Health Psychol,
April 1, 1996;
1(2):
209 - 222.
[Abstract]
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D. Sinha
Culture as the Target and Culture as the Source: A Review of Cross-cultural Psychology in Asia
Psychology Developing Societies,
March 1, 1996;
8(1):
83 - 105.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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P. B. Smith, S. Dugan, and F. Trompenaars
National Culture and the Values of Organizational Employees: A Dimensional Analysis Across 43 Nations
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
March 1, 1996;
27(2):
231 - 264.
[Abstract]
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A. C. Merriti and R. L. Helmreich
Human Factors on the Flight Deck: The Influence of National Culture
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
January 1, 1996;
27(1):
5 - 24.
[Abstract]
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S. Shane, S. Venkataraman, and I. MacMillan
Cultural Differences in Innovation Championing Strategies
Journal of Management,
October 1, 1995;
21(5):
931 - 952.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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T. M. Singelis, H. C. Triandis, D. P. S. Bhawuk, and M. J. Gelfand
Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism: A Theoretical and Measurement Refinement
Cross-Cultural Research,
August 1, 1995;
29(3):
240 - 275.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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P. H. Birnbaum-More, G. Y. Y. Wong, and N.-G. Olve
Acquisition of Managerial Values in The People'S Republic of China and Hong Kong
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
May 1, 1995;
26(3):
255 - 275.
[Abstract]
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P. S. Kirkbride and S. F.Y. Tang
From Kyoto to Kowloon: Cultural Barriers to the Transference of Quality Circles from Japan to Hong Kong
Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,
December 1, 1994;
32(2):
100 - 111.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
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T. M. Singelis
The Measurement of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals
Pers Soc Psychol Bull,
October 1, 1994;
20(5):
580 - 591.
[Abstract]
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